How to delete a specific element from an array in PHP
John Mwaniki / Updated on 07 Jul 2024In this article, you will learn how to delete an element from an array using PHP. We will cover different methods to do it on different types of arrays with multiple examples.
Before going further, let's cover how the three functions that we will need later work.
The unset() function
The unset() function is an in-built function in PHP used to unset/destroy a given variable or a set of variables.
Syntax
unset(variable, ....);
Parameters
The function requires at least one variable as the parameter, but you can pass multiple variables that you want to unset, separated with commas.
The unset() function has no return value.
After a variable is unset, the program behaves as if the variable never existed and no longer recognizes it. If you unset a variable then try to use it again in your program, the system gives the undefined variable error.
If the unset() function is called inside a user-defined function, it unsets only the local variables. If you want to unset a global variable inside the function (one that is initialized outside it), then you have to use the $GLOBALS array to do so.
The array_splice() function
The array_splice() function is in-built in PHP and removes the selected elements from an array and replaces them with new elements.
Syntax
array_splice(array1, start, length, array2)
Parameters
Parameter | Requirement | Description |
---|---|---|
array1 | Required | Specifies the array in which you want to remove or replace elements. |
start | Required | This is a numeric value that specifies where the function will start removing elements. The numeric value of the first element is 0. If set to negative, the function starts that far from the last element. |
length | Optional | This is a numeric value that specifies how many elements will be removed from the array. If set to negative, the function stops that far from the last element. If it is not set, the function removes all elements, starting from the position set by the start parameter. |
array2 | Optional | This is an array with the elements to be inserted into the original array. It can be a string if it's just one element. |
The array_values() function
The array_values() is an in-built PHP function that re-indexes an array and returns it with numeric keys, starting at 0 and increasing by 1.
Syntax
array_values(array)
The array is a required parameter that specifies the array to be worked on.
How to delete an element from an array in PHP
There are several methods of removing a specified element from an array in PHP. Here, will cover two methods as outlined below:
- Using the unset() function
- Using the array_splice() function
Method 1: Using the unset() function
The unset() function can be used to destroy a whole array in a variable, or a specified element in the array using its index or key.
Unlike for the ordinary variables where we just pass the variable name to the function, to delete a specific element from the array and leave its other elements intact, we have to include the element index or key to the array variable when passing it to the unset() function.
Example 1
Deleting an element from a numerically indexed array based on its index.
<?php
$fruits = array("Apple", "Mango", "Avocado", "Banana", "Watermelon", "Passion");
echo "The array before deleting an element <br>";
print_r ($fruits);
echo "<br>";
unset($fruits[1]);
echo "The array after deleting an element <br>";
print_r ($fruits);
Output:
The array before deleting an element
Array ( [0] => Apple
[1] => Mango
[2] => Avocado
[3] => Banana
[4] => Watermelon
[5] => Passion
)
The array after deleting an element
Array ( [0] => Apple
[2] => Avocado
[3] => Banana
[4] => Watermelon
[5] => Passion
)
The array indices start from 0. So array element with an index of 1 is actually the second element in the array. We have passed the array name with index 1 to the unset() function. From the output, you can see the second element (Mango) has been deleted from the array.
One thing you can note from the above example is that after deleting the element with index 1, the function keeps the other indices untouched, ie index one is missing with the resulting array starting with index 0 followed by 2. The unset() function doesn't re-index the array after deleting an element from a numerically indexed array.
To fix that and have the resulting array re-indexed, all you need to do is pass the array to the array_values() function.
Example 2
Re-indexing a numeric array using array_values() function after deleting an element with the unset() function.
<?php
$laptops = array("Apple", "HP", "Toshiba", "Dell", "Lenovo");
unset($laptops[2]);
array_values($laptops);
print_r($laptops);
Output:
The array before deleting an element
Array ( [0] => Apple
[1] => HP
[2] => Dell
[3] => Lenovo
)
As you can see from the output, we have deleted "Toshiba" which occupied index 2 of the array. After passing the array to the array_values() function, it has been re-indexed to have "Dell" shift from index 3 to 2 and "Lenovo" from index 4 to 3.
Example 3
Deleting an element from an associative array based on its key.
<?php
$person = array("name" => "John Doe", "email" => "johndoe@gmail.com", "age" => 28);
echo "The array before deleting an element <br>";
print_r ($person);
echo "<br>";
unset($person["age"]);
echo "The array after deleting an element <br>";
print_r ($person);
Output:
The array before deleting an element
Array ( [name] => John Doe
[email] => johndoe@gmail.com
[age] => 28
)
The array after deleting an element
Array ( [name] => John Doe
[email] => johndoe@gmail.com
)
As you can see the age element has been deleted from the array.
If you know an array element value and don't know its key/index but you want to delete it, you can do so y first using the array_search() function to get its key, then use that key to delete it.
You pass two parameters to the array_search() function where the first is the value whose key you want to know, and the second is the actual array from which you are searching the value. The function returns the key/index of the array element with that value.
<?php
$fruits = array("Apple", "Mango", "Avocado", "Banana", "Watermelon", "Passion");
echo "The key for Watermelon is: ".array_search("Watermelon", $fruits);
Output:
The key for Watermelon is: 4
Example
<?php
$laptops = array("Apple", "HP", "Toshiba", "Dell", "Lenovo");
echo "The array before deleting an element <br>";
print_r ($laptops);
echo "<br>";
unset($laptops[array_search("Dell", $laptops)]);
echo "The array after deleting an element <br>";
print_r ($laptops);
Output:
The array before deleting an element
Array ( [0] => Apple
[1] => HP
[2] => Toshiba
[3] => Dell
[4] => Lenovo
)
The array after deleting an element
Array ( [0] => Apple
[1] => HP
[2] => Toshiba
[4] => Lenovo
)
From the example above, we have used the array_search() function with value "Dell" to find the index of the array element that matches it, then used that index to delete the element using the unset() function. You can from the output it has worked because "Dell" was deleted from the array.
Method 2: Using the array_splice() function
This function removes a specified range of array elements and re-indexes the array numerically automatically.
As opposed to the unset() function, the array_splice() needs the offset as the second parameter and not an array key of the element in the array variable.
Example 1
<?php
$companies = array("SpaceX", "Apple", "Google", "Tesla", "Microsoft");
echo "The array before deleting an element <br>";
print_r ($companies);
echo "<br>";
array_splice($companies, 3, 1);
echo "The array after deleting an element <br>";
print_r ($companies);
Output:
The array before deleting an element
Array ( [0] => SpaceX
[1] => Apple
[2] => Google
[3] => Tesla
[4] => Microsoft
)
The array after deleting an element
Array ( [0] => SpaceX
[1] => Apple
[2] => Google
[3] => Microsoft
)
The offset (start) parameter starts counting values from 0, the same way as array indices. To delete "Tesla", which is the fourth element, we had to use offset 3 and 1 for the length parameter since we only wanted to delete one element.
If for instance, we wanted to delete both Tesla and Microsoft, we would have used array_splice($companies, 3, 2) instead. 3 specifying the deletion to start from the fourth element, and 2 specifying the number of elements to be deleted.
As opposed to the unset() function which leaves the array indices untouched, you can see from the example above the array_splice() has re-indexed the array elements after the deletion.
Example 2
Deleting an element from an associative array using the array_splice() function.
<?php
$person = array("name" => "John Doe", "email" => "johndoe@gmail.com", "age" => 28);
echo "The array before deleting an element <br>";
print_r ($person);
echo "<br>";
array_splice($person, 1, 1);
echo "The array after deleting an element <br>";
print_r ($person);
Output:
The array before deleting an element
Array ( [name] => John Doe
[email] => johndoe@gmail.com
[age] => 28
)
The array after deleting an element
Array ( [name] => John Doe
[age] => 28
)
The second element (email), whose offset is 1 has been deleted from the example above.
That's it!
Now you know how to delete specific elements from arrays in PHP.